پسماندهای پلی وینیل کلرید (PVC): چالش ها و راه حل های مدیریت پایدار

نوع مقاله : سایر

نویسندگان

1 هیات علمی/ دانشگاه اصفهان

2 اصفهان، دانشگاه اصفهان، دانشکده شیمی، آزمایشگاه پژوهشی شیمی پلیمر

10.22063/basparesh.2025.35657.1733

چکیده

بازیافت پلی­وینیل ­کلرید (PVC) به­عنوان یکی از کاربردی‌ترین پلیمرها، به­دلیل مزایای زیست­محیطی و اقتصادی از اهمیت زیادی برخوردار است. این مطالعه به مرور روش‌های مکانیکی و شیمیایی، روش­های نوین مانند استفاده از سیال ابربحرانی و ریزاندامگان برای تخریب زیستی و روش­های صنعتی بازیافت پسماندهای PVC و چالش­های آن­ها می‌پردازد. روش‌های مکانیکی شامل جداسازی، شست­وشو، خردایش و بازفراوری PVC  هستند که به­دلیل سادگی و کم‌هزینه بودن، به­طور گسترده استفاده می‌شوند. ازسوی دیگر، روش‌های شیمیایی مانند تفکافت، گازی‌شدن و هیدروکلرزدایی، بازیافت مواد اولیه باکیفیت و جدید را امکان‌پذیر می‌سازند. اما به­دلیل پیچیدگی و هزینه‌های بیشتر، کمتر مورد توجه قرار می‌گیرند. در این مطالعه به معایب روش‌های سنتی مدیریت زباله، مانند سوزاندن و دفن در خاک نیز اشاره می‌شود. سوزاندن PVC به تولید گازهای سمی مانند دیوکسین و هیدروژن کلرید (HCl) منجر می‌شود که برای سلامت انسان و محیط­زیست خطرناک هستند. ازطرفی، دفن PVC در خاک به­دلیل تجزیه‌ناپذیری و نشت افزودنی­های متعدد آن، موجب آلودگی خاک و آب‌های زیرزمینی و تولید میکرو و نانوپلاستیک­ها می‌شود و مشکلات بلندمدت زیست­محیطی را ایجاد می‌کند. درنتیجه، توجه به بازیافت PVC با روش‌های نوین و جداسازی PVC از ناخالصی­هایی مانند افزودنی­ها، نه­تنها موجب استفاده بهینه از مواد بازیافتی خالص با کاربردهای متنوع می­شود، بلکه ­می­تواند از انتشار آلاینده‌های خطرناک جلوگیری کرده و منابع ارزشمند را حفظ کند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) Wastes: Challenges and Sustainable Management Solutions

نویسندگان [English]

  • Fatemeh Rafiemanzelat 1
  • Ali Kord dezfooli 2
1 Faculty/ University of Isfahan
2 1 Polymer Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Isfahan
چکیده [English]

Recycling of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) as one of the most widely used polymers is of great importance, due to its environmental and economic benefits. This paper reviews mechanical and chemical recycling methods, innovative methods such as using supercritical fluids, microbial degradation, and industrial recycling techniques for PVC wastes and their challenges. Mechanical methods including separation, washing, shredding, and reprocessing of PVC, are widely used, due to their simplicity and low cost. On the other hand, chemical methods such as pyrolysis, gasification, and dehydrochlorination enable the recovery of high-quality raw materials, but they are less commonly used due to their complexity and higher costs. This paper also highlights the disadvantages of traditional waste management methods, such as incineration and landfilling of PVC. Incineration of PVC leads to the release of toxic gases like dioxins and HCl, which pose serious risks to human health and the environment. Meanwhile, landfilling of PVC causes soil and groundwater contamination, as well as the formation of micro and nano-plastics, due to its non-biodegradability and the leakage of various additives, resulting in long-term environmental issues. Therefore, focusing on innovative recycling methods and precise separation of PVC from impurities such as additives, not only enables the production of high-quality recyclates suitable for diverse applications, but also helps reduce waste volume, prevent the release of hazardous pollutants and preserves valuable resources.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • PVC
  • , waste management
  • , environment
  • , mechanical recycling
  • , chemical recycling

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