نگاهی کلی به ساختار و خواص نفیون با توجه به کاربرد آن در غشای تبادل پروتون پیل سوختی

نوع مقاله : تالیفی

نویسندگان

1 عضو هیئت علمی پژوهشگاه پلیمر و پتروشیمی ایران

2 پژوهشگاه پلیمر و پتروشیمی ایران

چکیده

در این مقاله به معرفی ساختار و خواص غشای تبادل پروتون نفیون به­عنوان رایج‌ترین غشای استفاده­شده در فرایندهای الکتروشیمیایی و جداسازی پرداخته شده است. بدین منظور، در ابتدا خانواده‌ غشاهای پرفلوئوروسولفونیک اسید معرفی شده که نفیون مهم‌ترین عضو آن است. سپس، مراحل سنتز نفیون همراه با جزئیات و چالش‌ها و نیز ساختار نفیون و شکل­شناسی آن در مرحله‌ بعد بحث و بررسی شده است. روش نام‌گذاری انواع غشاهای نفیون براساس مشخصه وزن معادل نیز ارائه شده است. در ادامه به وزن مولکولی و عوامل مؤثر بر عملکرد و خواص نفیون پرداخته شده است. خواص و مشخصه‌های غشای نفیون از جمله جذب آب، پایداری شیمیایی، رفتار گرمایی، خواص مکانیکی و عوامل مؤثر بر آن، رسانش پروتون و سازوکارهای حاکم بر رسانش در این پلیمر بحث شده­اند. در نهایت، معایب غشاهای نفیونی اعم از نداشتن قابلیت کارکرد در دمای زیاد و رطوبت کم و قیمت زیاد نیز ارائه شده است. در این راستا، راهکارهای پیشنهادی پژوهشگران برای بهبود خواص و رفع معایب در دو بخش اصلاح غشاهای نفیونی و تهیه‌ غشاهای جدید جایگزین شرح داده شده است. نگاهی مختصر بر کاربردهای نفیون، روش‌های تهیه‌ غشا، فعال­سازی و نگه­داری آن و همچنین غشای نفیون تجاری ساخت شرکت Dupont نیز انجام گرفته است. قابل ذکر است، این مطالب با تمرکز بر کاربرد آن در غشای تبادل پروتون پیل سوختی ارائه ­شده است.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

An Overview on Structure and Properties of Nafion Regarding Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Application

نویسندگان [English]

  • Shahram Mehdipour-Ataei 1
  • Maryam Mohammadi 2
1 academic staff ippi
2 Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute
چکیده [English]

I n this paper, the structure and properties of the proton exchange Nafion membrane are presented as the most commonly used membrane in electrochemical and separation processes. To this end, the family of perfluorosulfonic acid membranes has been introduced, which Nafion is the most important member. Then, the details and challenges of Nafion synthesis as well as its structure and morphology are discussed in the next step. The nomenclature, as well as the equivalent weight characteristic of diverse types of Nafion membranes, is also described. In the following, the molecular weight and factors affecting the performance and properties of Nafion are discussed. The properties and characteristics of Nafion membrane, including water absorption, chemical stability, thermal behavior, mechanical properties, proton conduction as well as governing mechanisms are explained. Finally, the disadvantages of these membranes, including the low performance at high temperatures and low humidity and high cost, are mentioned. The solutions to remove the obstacles are proposed. These strategies are described in two sections: modification of Nafion membranes and the preparation of alternative membranes. A brief look at the applications of Nafion, the preparation methods of the membrane, activation, and maintenance, as well as the commercial Nafion membrane made by DuPont company has been done. Notably, the description of this material is performed by focusing on the application of this membrane in proton exchange membrane fuel cells.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Nafion
  • structure
  • properties
  • application
  • proton exchange membrane fuel cell
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