پلاستیک‌های گم‌شده در دریا کجا هستند؟

نوع مقاله : تالیفی

نویسنده

پژوهشکده علوم دریایی، ﭘﮋوﻫﺸﮕﺎه ﻣﻠﻲ اقیانوس ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ و ﻋﻠﻮم ﺟﻮی، ﺗﻬﺮان، ایران

چکیده

مقدار زباله‌های پلاستیکی شناور در آب‌های سطحی دریاهای جهان، نسبت به مقدار مورد انتظار پلاستیک‌هایی که در اثر سوء مدیریت به محیط‌های دریایی وارد می‌شوند، به‌مراتب کمتر است. بدین دلیل، شناسایی چاهه‌های دریایی که پلاستیک‌های گم شده را نگه می‌دارند، برای ارزیابی خطرها، اثرها و برنامه‌ریزی برای مدیریت این مشکل جدید ضرورت دارد. نتایج پژوهش‌های اخیر نشان می‌دهد، درختان مانگرو که در حاشیه بین جزر و مدی قرار گرفته‌اند، با گسترش سامانه ریشه‌ای خود، هوابرها یا ریشه‌های تنفسی، فیلتر موثری را تشکیل می‌دهند که پلاستیک‌های حمل شده با جریان‌های دریایی را به دام می‌اندازند. به عبارتی، مانگروها به عنوان چاهه برای زباله‌های پلاستیکی دریایی و همچنین سدی برای زباله‌های بشرزاد از خشکی به دریا پیش از پراکندن در محیط دریایی عمل می‌کنند. افزون بر این، بخشی از پلاستیک‌های بزرگ پس از رهاسازی در محیط زیست، ممکن است دست‌خوش انواع فرایندهای زیستی و غیرزیستی شوند که از راه آن‌ها به جای ناپدید شدن، کوچک‌تر و کوچک‌تر می‌شوند. این قطعات پلاستیکی ریز، میکروپلاستیک یا ریزپلاستیک نامیده می‌شوند که اندازه‌ای کمتر از mm 5 دارند و بدین علت با چشم غیرمسلح دیده نمی‌شوند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Where are the Missing Plastics at Sea?

نویسنده [English]

  • Maryam Ghaemi
Department of Marine Science, Iranian National Institute for Oceanography and Atmospheric Science, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

The global load of marine floating plastic litter in surface waters is much smaller than expected based on the loads of mismanaged plastic entering the marine environment. Therefore, identifying marine sinks that hold plastic litter is essential to assessing the risks, impacts, and plan interventions to manage this new facing problem. Recent research has shown that mangrove trees occupy the intertidal fringe and develop a partially emerged root system, pneumatophores as a sieve, forming an effective filter that trap different objects and litters transported by currents, like floating plastic objects. In other words, mangroves act as sinks for marine plastic litter as well as a barrier for anthropogenic debris (entering from land to the sea) before they are dispersed in the marine environment. Furtheremore, some large plastics after released into the environment, might undergo a variety of biotic and abiotic processes through which they become smaller and smaller plastic particles instead of disappearing. These small pieces of plastic particles are called microplastics and are less than 5 mm in size and therefore they are not visible to the naked eye.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • missing plastics
  • microplastic
  • respiratory roots
  • mangrove
  • sea

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