کاربرد پلیمرهای زیست‌سازگار در طراحی و توسعه نانوژنراتورهای تریبوالکتریک

نوع مقاله : تالیفی

نویسندگان

گروه مهندسی پلیمر، دانشکده مهندسی شیمی، دانشکدگان فنی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران

10.22063/basparesh.2026.35810.1759

چکیده

کاهش منابع سوخت‌های فسیلی و افزایش چشمگیر زباله‌های الکترونیکی، توسعه فناوری‌های نوین انرژی پایدار را به ضرورتی اجتناب‌ناپذیر تبدیل کرده است. دراین‌میان، نانوژنراتورهای تریبوالکتریک (TENGs) به‌عنوان قطعات کارآمدی برای برداشت انرژی مکانیکی محیطی و تبدیل آن به انرژی الکتریکی، توجه فزاینده‌ای را جلب کرده ‌است. سادگی ساختار، بازده زیاد در بسامد‌های کم، انعطاف‌پذیری و قابلیت تولید در مقیاس بزرگ از مهم‌ترین مزایای این فناوری به‌شمار می‌روند. از راهبردهای مؤثر در بهبود عملکرد و پایداری TENGها، به‌کارگیری پلیمرهای زیست‌سازگار و زیست‌تجزیه‌پذیر است. این مواد به‌دلیل خواص دی‌الکتریک مناسب، انعطاف‌پذیری زیاد و ایمنی زیستی، امکان طراحی قطعات پوشیدنی و کاشتنی پزشکی را فراهم می‌کنند و می‌توانند بدون ایجاد سمیت یا واکنش‌های ناخواسته با بافت‌های زیستی در تماس مستقیم قرار گیرند. افزون‌براین، تخریب‌پذیری طبیعی پس از پایان عمر مفید قطعه، نقش مهمی در کاهش آثار زیست‌محیطی و زباله‌های الکترونیکی ایفا می‌کند. در سال‌های اخیر، استفاده از پلیمرهای طبیعی نظیر سلولوز، کیتوسان و ابریشم و نیز پلیمرهای سنتزی زیست‌سازگار، مانند پلی‌لاکتیک اسید و پلی‌کاپرولاکتون، نتایج امیدبخشی در برداشت انرژی، حسگری و کاربردهای زیست‌پزشکی ارائه داده است. بااین‌حال، چالش‌هایی از جمله دوام محدود، هزینه مواد کارآمد و دشواری تولید در مقیاس صنعتی همچنان پابرجاست. در این مقاله نقش پلیمرهای زیست‌سازگار در طراحی و توسعه TENGها به‌طور جامع مرور شده و ضمن بررسی مزایا و محدودیت‌ها، چشم‌انداز آینده این فناوری در حوزه انرژی پایدار و پزشکی بحث می‌شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Application of Biocompatible Polymers in Design and Development of Triboelectric Nanogenerators

نویسندگان [English]

  • Fatemeh Golestani
  • Sara Tarashi
Polymer Engineering Department, School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

The depletion of fossil fuel resources and the rapid increase in electronic waste have made the development of sustainable energy technologies an inevitable necessity. Meanwhile, triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) have attracted growing attention as efficient components for harvesting ambient mechanical energy and converting it into electrical energy. Their simple structure, high efficiency at low frequencies, flexibility, and potential for large-scale manufacturing are among the key advantages of this technology One of the effective strategies in improving the performance and sustainability of TENGs is the use of biocompatible and biodegradable polymers. Due to their suitable dielectric properties, high flexibility, and biological safety, these materials enable the design of wearable and implantable medical devices and can directly contact with biological tissues without causing toxicity or unwanted reactions. In addition, natural degradability after the end of the device lifetime plays an important role in reducing environmental impacts and electronic waste. In recent years, the use of natural polymers such as cellulose, chitosan, and silk, as well as biocompatible synthetic polymers including polylactic acid and polycaprolactone, has demonstrated promising results in energy harvesting, sensing, and biomedical applications. However, challenges such as limited durability, high costs of high-performance materials, and difficulties in large-scale production remain. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the role of biocompatible polymers in the design and development of TENGs, discussing their advantages and limitations while highlighting future perspectives of this technology in sustainable energy and medical applications.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • triboelectric nanogenerator
  • biocompatible polymer
  • biodegradable
  • sustainable energy
  • wearable device

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