نوع مقاله : تالیفی
نویسنده
گروه مهندسی شیمی، دانشکده مهندسی، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز، اهواز، ایران
چکیده
کلیدواژهها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسنده [English]
This paper presents a comprehensive review of lightweight porous ablators as thermal protection systems. There is a critical need for insulators with low density, low thermal conductivity, adequate mechanical strength, and high ablation efficiency for space exploration missions. The article compares the performance of various advanced ablator types, including Phenolic Impregnated Carbon Ablators (PICA), polymer-impregnated carbon foams, Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastics (LATS), and composites incorporating phenolic aerogels. The introduction of controlled porosity within the structure is key to achieving an optimal balance between ablation performance and thermal insulation. Specifically, carbon foams with a continuous three-dimensional network demonstrate superior performance due to their high resistance to mechanical erosion and fiber detachment. Furthermore, the influence of critical parameters such as pore size distribution, initial porosity percentage, and the "gas blocking" effect caused by the outflow of pyrolysis gases on improving thermal response is analyzed. Also, the mathematical modeling of these complex systems, surveying various approaches including surface, volume, and Multiphysics models have been investigated. In conclusion, this review highlights that engineering the pore structure and porosity at multiple scales, alongside the development of nanocomposites and hybrid materials, constitutes the main trajectory for future research aimed at achieving a new generation of ultra-lightweight and highly efficient thermal protection systems.
کلیدواژهها [English]
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