نوع مقاله : تالیفی
نویسندگان
1 دانشکده مهندسی پلیمر، دانشگاه صنعتی سهند، تبریز، ایران گروه علوم مهندسی، دانشگاه ملی مهارت، تهران، ایران
2 گروه علوم مهندسی، دانشگاه ملی مهارت، تهران، ایران
چکیده
کلیدواژهها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسندگان [English]
Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization (ATRP) is one of the most important controlled radical polymerization techniques, enabling the synthesis of polymers and copolymers with well-defined molecular weights, narrow molecular weight distributions, and diverse architectures. This method operates through a reversible activation–deactivation mechanism of growing radical species, which significantly suppresses termination reactions and results in linear growth of molecular weight with conversion as well as pseudo-first-order kinetics. The key step in this process is the transfer of a halogen atom between the catalyst and the polymer radical. In ATRP, compared to conventional radical polymerization, the majority of the polymer chains are in a dormant state and can be reactivated in the presence of a suitable activator. Therefore, ATRP provides superior control over polymer structure and is consequently a powerful tool for the design of polymeric materials with precisely tailored properties. The ATRP process involves a monomer, an initiator bearing a transferable (pseudo-)halogen group, a catalytic system composed of a transition metal and an appropriate ligand, and a solvent selected according to the reaction conditions. The molecular weight of ATRP products can range from oligomers to very high molecular weight polymers, reaching up to millions of daltons. This article reviews the reaction mechanism of ATRP, its main variants, the role of catalysts, and the influence of key parameters such as monomer type, solvent, and temperature, and finally highlights the application of polymers synthesized via ATRP.
کلیدواژهها [English]
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