چالش جهانی میکروپلاستیک ها: آثار زیست محیطی و راه حل ها

نوع مقاله : سایر

نویسندگان

1 دانشکده شیمی . دانشگاه اصفهان. اصفهان. ایران

2 هیات علمی/ دانشگاه اصفهان

10.22063/basparesh.2025.35592.1720

چکیده

آلودگی میکروپلاستیک‌ها مسئلة فراگیر جهانی است که بر بوم‌سازگان زمینی و آبی اثر می‌گذارد و چالش‌های زیست‌محیطی درخور توجهی را برای جمعیت‌های انسانی ایجاد می‌کند. ابعاد میکروپلاستیک‌ها µm 1 تا mm ۵ است که در اثر استفاده یا دفع نادرست پلاستیک‌ها و ازطریق تولیدات صنعتی مانند پاک‌کننده‌ها، لوازم آرایشی، دارو‌ها و بسته‌بندی ایجاد می‌شوند. افزون‌براین، آن‌ها می‌توانند از تخریب اقلام پلاستیکی بزرگ‌تر، ایجاد و ازطریق مسیرهای مانند منابع آب آشامیدنی، نمک‌های دریایی و بلع توسط موجودات دریایی وارد محیط‌زیست شوند و در پی آن به زنجیرة غذایی نفوذ کنند. اندازة کوچک میکروپلاستیک‌ها به آن‌ها امکان گریز از فرایندهای تصفیة فاضلاب معمول را می‌دهد. آن‌ها به‌دلیل نسبت زیاد سطح به حجم، به‌عنوان حامل آلاینده‌های آلی، فلزات سنگین، سموم و عوامل بیماری‌زای بالقوه مضر عمل کرده و خطرهایی را برای سامانه‌های بوم‌سازگان ایجاد می‌کنند. میکروپلاستیک‌ها به‌دلیل پایایی، پایداری و آثار نامطلوب بر سلامتی به‌عنوان نگرانی زیست‌محیطی شناخته شده‌ و پژوهش‌های بسیاری برای یافتن راه‌حل‌های پاک‌سازی اقیانوس‌ها در مقیاس گسترده، کاهش استفاده از پلاستیک‌های سنتزی و توسعة جایگزین‌های زیست‌تخریب‌پذیر سازگار با محیط‌زیست، مطالعات دقیقتر آثار آن بر بدن انسان و استفاده از فناوری‌های اصلاحی برای کاهش آلودگی پلاستیکی در بوم‌سازگان‌های مختلف و نیز وضع مقررات جهانی در حال انجام است. هدف از تدوین این مقاله آگاهی‌بخشی علمی و ارائة راهکارهای موجود برای مصرف صحیح پلیمرها و مدیریت پسماند آن‌هاست تا توجه جامعة علمی پلیمری به لزوم شتاب‌دهی پژوهش‌ها در پیوستن به راهبرد جهانی برای بهبود محیط‌زیست‌ با ارائة راهکارهای مؤثر بازیافت و جایگزینی پلیمرهای سازگار با محیط‌زیست بیشتر جلب شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

The Global Challenge of Microplastics: Environmental Impacts and Solutions

نویسندگان [English]

  • Ziba Shirini 1
  • Fatemeh Rafiemanzelat 2
1 Department of Chemistry, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
2 Faculty/ University of Isfahan
چکیده [English]

Microplastic pollution is a pervasive global issue that affects terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, and poses significant environmental challenges for human populations. Defined as particles ranging from 1 µm to 5 mm in size, microplastics arise from the improper disposal and use of plastics through industrial products such as including cleaners, cosmetics, packaging materials, and pharmaceuticals. Furthermore, they can also originate from the degradation of larger plastic items and enter the environment through various pathways such as drinking water sources, sea salts, and ingestion by marine organisms, and subsequently infiltrate the food chain. Their diminutive size enables them to escape conventional wastewater treatment processes, leading to their widespread dispersion in the environment. Due to their high surface area-to-volume ratio, microplastics serve as carriers of organic pollutants, heavy metals, toxins, and potentially harmful pathogens, posing risks to ecosystems. Recognized for their persistence, stability, and adverse health effects, microplastics have emerged as a pressing environmental concern, encouraging extensive research efforts towards large-scale ocean cleaning initiatives, reduced synthetic plastic utilization, and the development of biodegradable alternatives. The purpose of this article is to raise scientific awareness and provide existing solutions for the proper use of polymers and their waste management, in order to draw the attention of the polymer scientific community to the need to accelerate research in joining the global strategy for improving the environment by providing effective solutions for recycling and replacing more environmentally friendly polymers.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • microplastic
  • polymer
  • toxicity
  • pollutant environment
  • human health risk

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