زیست نرم کننده ها: مسیری به سوی مهندسی پلیمر پایدار

نوع مقاله : تالیفی

نویسندگان

1 دانشکده مهندسی شیمی، دانشگاه صنعتی امیرکبیر (پلی‌تکنیک تهران)، تهران، ایران

2 گروه مهندسی شیمی، دانشکده فنی و مهندسی، دانشگاه اراک، اراک، ایران

10.22063/basparesh.2024.3674.1705

چکیده

نرم کننده ها به عنوان یکی از اجزای کلیدی در صنعت پلیمر، نقش اساسی در بهبود خواص مکانیکی و گرمایی پلیمرهای سخت و افزایش فراورش پذیری آن ها دارند. در این مقاله، سازوکارهای شیمیایی نرم کننده ها، به ویژه دی اکتیل فتالات (DOP) و اثر آن ها بر انعطاف پذیری، کشش و دوام پلیمرها بررسی شده است. استفاده از نرم کننده ها باعث کاهش شکنندگی پلیمرها شده و کاربردهای صنعتی
گسترده تری برای آن ها فراهم می آورد. بااین حال، نرم کننده های سنتزی مانند فتالات ها به دلیل سمیت بالقوه و ماندگاری طولانی مدت در محیط، نگرانی های زیست محیطی و بهداشتی درخور توجهی به همراه دارند. در پاسخ به این مشکلات، زیست نرم کننده ها می پردازد که از منابع تجدیدپذیر تولید می شوند و به عنوان جایگزین های پایدارتر درنظر گرفته می شوند. زیست نرم کننده ها از نظر رقابت
با نرم کننده های سنتی و کاهش خطرهای زیست محیطی تحلیل شده اند. همچنین در این مقاله به چارچوب های نظارتی اشاره شده است که محدودیت های بیشتری برای مواد مضر مانند فتالات ها وضع کرده اند و استفاده از نرم کننده های زیست تخریب پذیر، نظیر روغن های گیاهی را تشویق می کنند. هرچند این مواد از نظر مقررات مناسب هستند و ویژگی های مطلوب پلیمرها را حفظ می کنند، اما چالش هایی مانند هزینه-اثربخشی و مقیاس پذیری صنعتی آن ها هنوز به طور کامل حل نشده است. در مقالة حاضر، پیشرفت های اخیر در فناوری نرم کننده ها مرور شده و بر ضرورت پژوهش و توسعه بیشتر برای بهینه سازی فرمولبندی های این مواد تأکید دارد. همچنین نشان داده می شود، دستیابی به تعادل میان عملکرد فنی، ایمنی زیست محیطی و الزامات نظارتی، راه را برای نوآوری های سبزتر و کارآمدتر در کاربردهای صنعتی هموار می سازد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Bioplasticizers: A Path Towards Sustainable Polymer Engineering

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mohammad Reza Zamani Farahani 1
  • Ezzatollah Joudaki 2
1 Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Tehran, Iran
2 Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Technology and Engineering, Arak University, Arak, Iran
چکیده [English]

Plasticizers, as one of the key components in the polymer industry, play a fundamental role in improving the mechanical and thermal properties of rigid polymers and improving their processability. In this paper, the chemical mechanisms of plasticizers, especially dioctyl phthalate (DOP), and their effects on the flexibility, elasticity, and durability of polymers
are reviewed. The use of plasticizers reduces the fragility of polymers and provides them with wider industrial applications. However, synthetic plasticizers such as phthalates have significant environmental and health concerns due to their potential toxicity and long-term persistence in the ecosystems. In response to these problems, bioplasticizers, which are derived from renewable resources and are considered as more sustainable alternatives, are being developed. Bioplasticizers are assessed based on their performance in comparison to traditional plasticizers and their potential to mitigate environmental risks. This article also highlights regulatory frameworks that have imposed greater restrictions on harmful substances such as phthalates and encourage the use of biodegradable plasticizers, such as vegetable oils. While bioplasticizers comply with regulatory standards and retain the beneficial properties of polymers, challenges related to cost-effectiveness and industrial scalability remain unresolved. This article reviews recent advances in plasticizer technology and emphasizes the need for further research and development to optimize the formulations of these materials. It is also shown that achieving a balance between technical performance, environmental safety, and regulatory requirements paves the way for greener and more efficient innovations in industrial applications.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Plasticizer technology
  • Bioplasticizers
  • Dioctyl phthalate
  • flexibility
  • Sustainable polymer engineering

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