استفاده ا ز لیگنین به عنوان پلیمر غیرفسیلی و تجدیدپذیر در تولید پلی یورتان

نوع مقاله : تالیفی

نویسندگان

1 گروه علوم و مهندسی کاغذ، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان

2 گروه علوم و مهندسی کاغذ، دانشکده مهندسی چوب و کاغذ، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان

10.22063/basparesh.2024.3685.1707

چکیده

لیگنین پلیمر آروماتیک طبیعی، غیرسمی و غنی از گروه های عاملی مختلف است که از چوب، ساقه درختان و گیاهان لیگنوسلولوزی به دست می آید. در حال حاضر، صنعت خمیر کاغذ سالانه مقدار زیادی لیگنین صنعتی تولید می کند که معمولا بدون ایجاد ارزش افزوده مناسب و فقط برای بازیابی انرژی سوزانده می شود. از راه های ایجاد ارزش افزوده برای لیگنین، استفاده از آن در تولید پلی یورتان هاست. پلی یورتان ها (PUs) کاربردهای گسترده ای دارند و از مهم ترین موادی هستند که در حال حاضر برپایة نفت و از منابع فسیلی به دست می آیند. بدین دلیل است که پژوهشگران و صنایع در توسعة مواد پلیمری به پلی یورتان های برپایة لیگنین به عنوان جایگزین پایداری برای انواع برپایة نفت توجه کرده اند. در این مقاله، برخی از انواع لیگنین های صنعتی تولیدی در فرایندهای خمیرسازی، روش های اصلی تولید پلی ال مایع از لیگنین جامد برای تولید پلی یورتان های زیست پایه، تفاوت پلی یورتان تولیدی برپایة لیگنین و برپایة نفت و ارزیابی فناوری و تحلیل چرخه عمر (LCA) محصول مرور شده است. پلی یورتان های تولیدشده از پلی ال های زیستی مانند لیگنین به چرخه اقتصادی کمک می کنند. استفاده از ایزوسیانات های متداول (سنتزشده با گاز بسیار سمی فسژن) در تولید پلی یورتان معضل مهم محیط زیستی محسوب می شود. همچنین، تولید پلی یورتان های غیرایزوسیاناتی (NIPU) برپایة لیگنین بحث می شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Utilization of Lignin as Non-fossil and Renewable Polymer for Polyurethane Production

نویسندگان [English]

  • Rahman Abbasi 1
  • Sahab Hedjazi 2
1 Dept. of Paper Science and Technology, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources
2 Dept. of paper science and technology, Faculty of wood and paper engineering, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources
چکیده [English]

Lignin is a natural, non-toxic, and aromatic polymer rich in various functional groups that is obtained from wood and stems of lignocellulosic trees and plants. Currently, the pulp industry produces a large amount of industrial lignin annually, which is usually burned only for energy recovery without creating appropriate added value. One of the ways
to create value for lignin is to use it in the production of polyurethanes. Polyurethanes (PUs) have wide applications and are one of the most important materials currently obtained from petroleum and fossil sources. For this reason, researchers and industries have paid attention to lignin-based polyurethanes as a sustainable alternative to petroleum-based polyurethanes in the development of polymer materials. In this article, some types of industrial lignins are being produced in pulping processes, the main methods of producing liquid polyol from solid lignin for the production of bio-based polyurethanes, the difference between lignin-based and petroleum-based polyurethane, and technology evaluation are examined. Polyurethanes produced from biological polyols such as lignin contribute to the economic
cycle. The use of common isocyanates (synthesized with highly toxic phosgene gas) in the production of polyurethane is considered an important environmental problem. Also, the production of non-isocyanate polyurethanes (NIPU) based on lignin is discussed.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • technical lignin
  • polyol
  • liquefaction
  • isocyanate-free polyurethanes
  • biomass

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