مروری بر خواص ضدباکتری نانوکامپوزیت‌های کیتوسان دارای نانوذرات فلزی برای استفاده در التیام زخم

نوع مقاله : تالیفی

نویسندگان

1 پژوهشگر پسا دکتری، دانشکده شیمی، دانشگاه صنعتی امیرکبیر ، تهران، صندوق پستی: 4413-15875

2 دانشکده شیمی، دانشگاه صنعتی امیرکبیر ، تهران، صندوق پستی: 4413- 15875

3 دانشکده مهندسی شیمی و پلیمر، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی ، واحد تهران جنوب

4 گروه شیمی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد شهر قدس ، صندوق پستی:374-37515

چکیده

کیتوسان (CS) به ­عنوان پلیمری طبیعی به ­دلیل خواص مفید آن شامل عدم سمیت، خواص زیستی عالی، زیست­ تخریب­ پذیری و پیشبرد رسوب کلاژن در زمینه التیام زخم بسیار مطالعه شده است. با این حال، استحکام مکانیکی ضعیف و خواص ضدباکتری متوسط از معایبی هستند که کاربرد بالینی بیشتر آن­ را محدود می‌کند. کیتوسان کوپلیمری با زنجیر خطی از دی­گلوکوزآمین و N-­­استیل بتادی­گلوکوزامین است که با استیل ­زدایی کیتین تولید می ­شود. ­استیل ­زدایی به تشکیل گروه­ های آمین کاتیونی منجر می ­شود که در واقع پیش ­نیازی برای عملکرد ضدباکتری کیتوسان است. بسیاری از پژوهشگران استفاده از نانوفناوری به­ ویژه نانوذرات فلزی (MNPs) را به ­منظور بهبود استحکام مکانیکی و خواص ضدباکتری خاص کامپوزیت­های کیتوسان با نتایج امیدبخش اتخاذ کرده­اند. افزون بر این، کیتوسان به­طور طبیعی به ­عنوان عامل کاهش ­دهنده برای نانوذرات فلزی عمل می کند که می ­تواند سمیت سلولی را نیز کاهش دهد. بنابراین کیتوسان در ترکیب با نانوذرات فلزی، فعالیت ضدباکتری، استحکام مکانیکی عالی و خواص ضدالتهابی نشان می‌دهد و قابلیت بالقوه زیادی برای شتاب­دهی به فرایند التیام زخم دارد. شایان ‌ذکر است، سازوکار عمل نانوذرات فلزی به دُز وابسته است و غلظت بیش از حد می‌تواند سمیت سلولی درخور ‌توجهی ایجاد کند. بازده بارگذاری و سرعت آزادسازی نانوذرات فلزی با توجه به فرایند ساخت تغییر می‌کند. از این رو، بررسی بیشتر دُزبندی و روش‌های آماده‌سازی، پیش ­شرط ضروری برای کاربردهای بالینی است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

A Review of the Antibacterial Properties of Chitosan Nanocomposites Containing Metal Nanoparticles for Using in Wound Healing

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mohammad Hossein Karami 1
  • Majid Abdouss 2
  • Mohammadreza Kalaee 3
  • Omid Moradi 4
1 Department of Chemistry, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran P.O. Box 15875-4413, Tehran, Iran
2 Department of Chemistry, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran P.O. Box 15875-4413, Tehran, Iran
3 Polymer Engineering Group, Faculty of Engineering, South Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
4 Department of Chemistry, Shahre-Qods Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahre-Qods 37515-374, Tehran, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Chitosan (CS) as a natural polymer has been widely studied in the field of wound healing due to its useful properties including non-toxicity, excellent biological properties, biodegradability and promotion of collagen deposition. However, low mechanical strength and moderate antibacterial properties are disadvantages that limit its further clinical application. Chitosan is a copolymer with a linear chain of diglucosamine and N-acetyl beta-glucosamine, which is produced by deacetylation of chitin. The deacetylation leads to the formation of cationic amine groups, which is actually a prerequisite for the antibacterial function of chitosan. Many researchers have adopted the use of nanotechnology, especially metal nanoparticles (MNPs), in order to improve the mechanical strength and specific antibacterial properties of chitosan composites with promising results. In addition, chitosan naturally acts as a reducing agent for metal nanoparticles, which can also reduce cytotoxicity. Therefore, chitosan in combination with metal nanoparticles exhibits antibacterial activity, excellent mechanical strength and anti-inflammatory properties and has great potential to accelerate the wound healing process. It is worth mentioning that the mechanism of action of metal nanoparticles is dose-dependent and excessive concentration can cause significant cytotoxicity. The loading efficiency and release rate of metal nanoparticles changes according to the manufacturing process. Hence, further investigation of dosage and preparation methods is a necessary prerequisite for clinical applications.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • chitosan
  • metal nanoparticles
  • cytotoxicity
  • bacteriostatic
  • wound healing

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