حذف فلزات سنگین از آب و پساب با بربرجذب به‌وسیله انواع مختلف ژل‌های پلیمری

نوع مقاله : تالیفی

نویسندگان

1 دانشکده علوم شیمی و نفت، گروه پلیمر و مواد، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران

2 دانششکده علوم شیمی و نفت، گروه پلیمر و مواد، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران

چکیده

امروزه وجود یون‌های فلزات سنگین در فاضلاب‌های صنایع مختلف از مشکلات محیط زیست جهان مدرن به ­شمار می‌آید. از این ‌رو، روش ­های مختلفی برای برجذب و حذف یون‌های فلزات سنگین از فاضلاب‌های صنعتی و پساب‌ها به ­کار­گرفته می‌شوند. از روش ­های مؤثر در این زمینه، برجذب به ­وسیله ژل‌های پلیمری است که به دسته‌های مختلف هیدروژل، هواژل، میکروژل و نانوژل تقسیم می‌شوند. این مواد شبکه‌های پلیمری متخلخل دارای اتصالات عرضی هستند. آن­ها با داشتن ویژگی­ های فیزیکی و شیمیایی مطلوب نظیر مساحت سطح زیاد، تنوع اندازه، دوام زیاد، تنوع انحلال‌پذیری، وجود مراکز برجذب فعال و سازگاری با محیط ‌زیست، می ­توانند یون­ های فلزات سنگین نظیر سرب، کادمیم، جیوه، مس و فلزاتی از این قبیل را به ­طور فیزیکی و شیمیایی و بدون ایجاد اثر مخرب ثانویه از محیط ­های آبی آلوده با بازده زیاد برجذب کنند. چارچوب کلی ساختار این ژل­ ها با یکدیگر مشابه بوده و عواملی چون اندازه منافذ، اندازه شبکه ­ها و وجود مایع یا گاز در منافذ باعث ایجاد دسته­ بندی ­های مختلف در ژل­ ها می ­شود. در این مقاله، ابتدا هر یک از انواع ژل­ ها و ویژگی­ های منحصر به فرد آن‌ها معرفی و سپس روش ­های کلی ساخت، بهینه ­سازی­ های ویژه به ­منظور تقویت برجذب و سازوکار‌های برجذب فلزات به­وسیله ژل ­ها مرور می ­شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Removal of Heavy Metals from Water and Wastewater via Adsorption by Different Types of Polymer Gels

نویسندگان [English]

  • Maede Ramezanpour 1
  • Mohadeseh Mirzaie 1
  • Abbas Rezaee Shirin-Abadi 2
1 Department of Polymer & Materials Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry & Petroleum Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
2 Department of Polymer & Materials Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry & Petroleum Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University,Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

Today, the presence of heavy metal ions in the wastewater of various industries is one of the environmental problems of the modern world. Therefore, various methods are used to adsorb and remove heavy metal ions from industrial wastewaters and effluents. One of the effective methods in this field is adsorption by polymer gels, which are divided into different categories including  hydrogels, aerogels, microgels and nanogels. These materials are porous cross-linked polymer networks. Having desirable physical and chemical properties such as high surface area, size variety, high durability, variety of solubility, active adsorption centers, and environmental compatibility, they can absorb heavy metal ions such as lead, cadmium, mercury and copper physically and chemically from contaminated aquatic environments without causing secondary destructive effects with high efficiency. The general structure of these gels is similar to each other, and factors such as pore size, mesh size, and the presence of liquid or gas in the pores create different categories. In this article, each types of gels and their unique properties are introduced first, then the general synthesis methods, special optimizations to enhance the adsorption and mechanisms of metal adsorption by gels are reviewed.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • hydrogel
  • aerogel
  • microgel
  • nanogel
  • heavy metals
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