اسفنج‌های پلی‌یورتان انعطاف‌پذیر جاذب صوت: مروری بر ساختار فیزیکی و خواص شیمیایی

نوع مقاله : تالیفی

نویسندگان

دانشگاه صنعتی امیرکبیر

چکیده

آلودگی صوتی از مهم‌ترین مشکلات زیست‌محیطی جوامع امروزی است. این مشکل با افزایش حجم تردد وسایل نقلیه و گسترش سریع صنایع، روزبه‌روز جدی‌تر می‌شود. از روش‌های حل این مشکل افزایش ضریب جذب صوت با افزایش ظرفیت اتلاف و بهینه‌سازی ساختارهای متخلخل استفاده شده به‌عنوان جاذب‌های صوت است. طی دهه گذشته، اسفنج‌های پلی‌یورتان انعطاف‌پذیر به‌دلیل قدرت میرایی موثر، چگالی کم، شکل‌پذیری زیاد و تولید آسان به‌عنوان موادی کارآمد، در صنعت جاذب‌های صوتی شناخته شده‌اند. مهم‌ترین خاصیت اسفنج‌های پلی‌یورتان انعطاف‌پذیر، داشتن حفره‌هایی با تخلخل باز به‌هم‌پیوسته است که نه‌تنها خواص مکانیکی اسفنج را تحت کنترل دارد، بلکه موجب عایق صوت بودن آن‌ها نیز می‌شود. در این مقاله، کاربردها، روند توسعه اسفنج پلی‌یورتان، ساختار شیمیایی و فیزیکی و عوامل موثر بر ویژگی‌های این اسفنج‌ها برای بررسی خاصیت جذب صوت و
اتلاف انرژی مکانیکی امواج صوتی مرور می‌شود. با توجه به نقش موثر اسفنج‌های پلی‌یورتان به‌عنوان عایق‌های صوتی، تمرکز این مقاله بر رفتار این اسفنج به‌عنوان عایق صوتی است، ازاین‌رو برخی مفاهیم فیزیکی در ارتباط با صدا و مروری بر مطالعات انجام‌شده در این حوزه نیز ارائه می‌شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Flexible Acoustic Polyurethane Foam: An Overview of Physical Structure and Chemical Properties

نویسندگان [English]

  • sahar abdollahi baghban
  • Manouchehr khorasani
چکیده [English]

Noise is one of the most disturbing environmental problems of today's societies, and this problem becomes more serious with increasing traffic volumes and rapid expansion of industries. One of the ways to solve this problem is to increase the sound absorption coefficient of porous structure materials used as acoustic absorbers. Over the past decade, flexible polyurethane foam has been recognized in the acoustic absorbing industry as efficient materials due to its effective damping power, low density, high formability and easy production. The most important feature of flexible polyurethane foams is the presence of open porosity cavities, which not only control the mechanical properties of foam, but also their sound insulation properties. The purpose of this study is to review the applications, the development of polyurethane foam, the chemical and physical structure and the factors affecting the properties of foams due to their acoustic absorption and mechanical energy loss of sound waves. Considering the role of polyurethane foam as sound insulation, the focus of this study will be on the behavior of polyurethane foam as sound insulation, so some physical concepts related to sound will also be expressed.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • flexible polyurethane foam
  • acoustic absorber
  • urea-urethane segmented copolymer
  • microphase separation
  • sound absorption coefficient
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