مروری بر اصول طراحی مولکولی و تهیه پلیمرهای حافظه شکلی پاسخگو به دما

نوع مقاله : تالیفی

نویسندگان

1 هیات علمی/دانشگاه شهید مدنی آذربایجان

2 دانشگاه شهید مدنی آذربایجان

چکیده

طی سال‌های اخیر، پلیمرهای حافظه شکلی به‌عنوان جایگزینی معتبر برای مواد سنتی حافظه شکلی توسعه یافته‌اند. این پلیمرها متعلق به طبقه‌ای از مواد بسیار هوشمند هستند که قابلیت به‌یاد داشتن شکل اصلی خود را دارند. وجود این قابلیت در پلیمرهای حافظه شکلی باعث می‌شود تا این مواد برای کاربردهای فناوری گوناگون شامل حسگرها و محرک‌ها، به‌ویژه ساخت دستگاه‌های پزشکی هوشمند، بسیار مناسب و امیدوارکننده باشند. تغییرشکل پلیمرها به‌شکل موقت بوده و بازگشت به شکل اولیه در پاسخ هوشمند به محرک‌های خارجی، نظیر مواد شیمیایی، دما یا pH انجام می‌گیرد. پلیمرهای حافظه شکلی حساس به دما در دمای ویژه‌ای به نام دمای انتقال، دچار تغییر ساختاری و در نتیجه تغییرشکل می‌شوند. به این تغییرشکل ناشی از تغییر دما، اثر حافظه شکلی گرمایی گفته می‌شود. پژوهش‌ها در زمینه حافظه شکلی ابتدا در باره اثر دوشکلی القا شده با گرما آغاز شد. سپس به سایر محرک‌ها با تحریک مستقیم یا غیرمستقیم گرمایی از راه گروه‌های حساس به محرک در سطح مولکولی توسعه پیدا کرد. در این مقاله، بر مفاهیم کلیدی مرتبط با پلیمرهای حافظه شکلی به‌طور مختصر مرور می‌شود. اصول حاکم بر طراحی مولکولی در معماری‌های مناسب پلیمر، برنامه‌ریزی طراحی شده و فرایندهای بازیابی، با تمرکز بر ساختار پلیمرهای حافظه‌دار حساس به گرما نیز ارائه می‌شوند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Fundamentals of Molecular Design and Preparation of Temperature-sensitive Shape Memory Polymers: A Review

چکیده [English]

Shape memory polymers been developed in the past years as a valid alternative to more traditional shape-memory materials. Shape memory polymers belong to a class of very smart materials that have the ability to remember their original shape. This advanced functionality makes shape memory polymer suitable and promising materials for diverse technological applications, including sensors and actuators particularly including the fabrication of smart biomedical devices. The polymers deform into a temporary shape and returns to its original shape by external environmental stimuli such as chemicals, temperature or pH. Therefore, a temperature-sensitive shape memory polymer is one that undergoes a structural change at a certain temperature called the transition temperature. A change in shape caused by a change in temperature is called a thermally-induced shape memory effect. Shape-memory research was initially founded on the thermally-induced dual-shape effect. This concept has been extended to other stimuli by either indirect thermal actuation or direct actuation by addressing stimuli-sensitive groups on the molecular level. This paper is intended to serve as a brief review of key concepts associated with shape memory material. This review describes the fundamental aspects of molecular design of suitable polymer architectures, tailored programming and recovery processes, with the focus being on the structure of thermally sensitive shape memory polymers.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • shape memory polymer
  • temperature sensitive polymer
  • shape memory transition temperature
  • magnetic nanoparticle
  • biodegradability

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