پلی‌یورتان‌های ضدباکتری برای کاربردهای پزشکی

نوع مقاله : تالیفی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجو

2 عضو هیات علمی پژوهشگاه پلیمر و پتروشیمی ایران

چکیده

پلی‌یورتان‌ها و پلی‌یورتان-‌اوره‌ها گروه مورد توجهی از پلیمرها هستند که برپایه گستره وسیعی از مواد اولیه تهیه می‌شوند. به همین دلیل، این گروه از پلیمرها دامنه متنوع و قابل کنترلی از خواص فیزیکی و مکانیکی را ارائه می‌کنند. این تنوع و کنترل‌پذیری خواص، پلی‌یورتان‌ها و پلی‌یورتان-‌اوره‌ها را به نامزدهای دلخواه برای انواع کاربردها، از جمله کاربردهای پزشکی مانند ساخت انواع پروتز، سامانه‌های دارورسانی و داربست‌های مهندسی بافت تبدیل کرده است. در این مقاله، منابع موجود و مرتبط با کاربردهای این پلیمرها در پزشکی مرور می‌شود. از آنجا که افزون بر برخی ویژگی‌ها همچون خواص مکانیکی، زیست‌سازگاری، زیست‌پایداری، زیست‌تخریب‌پذیری، آب‌دوستی-آب‌گریزی و غیره، که شرط عملکرد موفق یک ماده زیست‌سازگار است، برای برخی از کاربردها ویژگی ضدباکتری، ضرورت اجتناب‌ناپذیری به‌شمار می‌آید، بنابراین تاکید مقاله حاضر بر القای رفتار ضدباکتری در پلی‌یورتان‌ها و پلی‌یورتان-اوره‌هاست. همچنین، انواع روش‌های به‌کار رفته در بهبود مقاومت پلی‌یورتان‌های زیست‌سازگار در برابر انواع باکتری‌های شایع معرفی شده‌اند. از جمله این روش‌ها، استفاده از نانوذراتی مانند نقره، آمیخته‌سازی با برخی پلیمرهای با ماهیت ضدباکتری نظیر کیتوسان، بارگذاری داروهای ضدباکتری و انواع روش‌های اصلاح سطح شامل پیوندزنی عوامل ضدباکتری روی سطح پلیمر هستند که به تفصیل بررسی شده‌اند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Antibacterial Polyurethanes in Biomedical Applications

نویسنده [English]

  • fatemeh shokrollahi 2
1
2 ippi
چکیده [English]

Polyurethanes and their counterparts, polyurethane-ureas (PUUs), a favorable group of polymers, are prepared from a wide variety of materials. PUs/PUUs offer a wide range of controllable properties and therefore, are known as good candidates for a broad range of applications. Among the very broad field of applications known for this group of polymers, biomedical devices and prosthesis, drug delivery vehicles and tissue engineering scaffolds have attracted most attention over recent decades. This study systematically reviews the current literature for biomedical applications of polyurethanes (PUs) and polyurethane-ureas. On the other hand, in addition to different qualities that are required for successful performance of a biomaterial (including biocompatibility, bio-stability and/ or biodegradability, hydrophilicity and/or hydrophobicity, adjustable mechanical properties, etc), antibacterial behavior is considered as an inevitable prerequisite in many applications. Therefore, the especial emphasis of this review paper is placed on polymers with antibacterial activity and the strategies towards preparation of antibacterial PUs and PUUs, in particular. Current strategies applied for preparation of antibacterial polyurethanes and polyurethane-ureas are reviewed. Among such approaches, adoption of nano-silver, blending with natural polymers of well-known inherent antibacterial activity such as chitosan, loading of antibacterial drugs and surface modification with antibacterial agents are discussed in details.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • polyurethane
  • polyurethane-urea
  • antibacterial
  • gram positive and gram negative bacteria
  • drug delivery system
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