مروری بر پلیمرهای محلول در آب به عنوان عوامل کنترل تحرک در ازدیاد برداشت نفت

نوع مقاله : تالیفی

نویسندگان

1 فارغ التحصیل دوره ی دکتری از پژوهشکده علوم و فناوری نانو، دانشگاه صنعتی شریف،

2 عضو هیئت علمی دانشکدۀ مهندسی شیمی و نفت، دانشگاه صنعتی شریف

3 عضو هیئت علمی و معاون پژوهشکده علوم و فناوری نانو، دانشگاه صنعتی شریف،

چکیده

در سال‌های اخیر، پلیمرهای محلول در آب به عنوان عامل کنترل‌کننده تحرک در فرایند ازدیاد برداشت نفت مورد توجه بسیار ویژه قرار گرفته‌اند. در فرایند ازدیاد برداشت نفت، پلیمرها با افزایش گرانروی فاز آبی یا کاهش نفوذپذیری از راه جذب زنجیرهای پلیمری روی سطوح مخزن موجب بهبود بازده جاروب نفت می‌شوند. پلی‌آکریل‌آمید آبکافتی رایج‌ترین پلیمر به کار رفته در فرایند ازدیاد برداشت نفت است. این پلیمر دارای مشکلاتی از قبیل عدم پایداری در برابر شوری است. یون‌های نمک سبب کاهش چشمگیر گرانروی محلول آبی این پلیمر می‌شوند و حتی در اثر واکنش با یون‌های دوظرفیتی رسوب می‌دهند. افزون بر پلی‌آکریل‌آمید آبکافتی، زیست‌پلیمرها از قبیل صمغ زانتان نیز در فرایند ازدیاد برداشت نفت کاربرد دارند. معایب زیست‌پلیمرها ناشی از عامل‌هایی چون هزینه زیاد آن‌ها، حساسیت زیاد به تجزیه در برابر عامل‌های خارجی از قبیل یست‌ارگانیسم‌ها و مشکلات ناشی از تزریق این نوع پلیمرها به دلیل باقی‌مانده‌های سلولی است. در دو دهه اخیر، دسته جدیدی از پلیمرها با عنوان پلیمرهای اصلاح شده با گروه‌های آب‌گریز برای غلبه بر مشکلات یادشده مطالعه و پژوهش شدند. در این مقاله، مثال‌هایی از پلیمرهای سنتزی، زیست‌پلیمرها، به‌ویژه پلیمرهای اصلاح شده با گروه‌های آب‌گریز استفاده شده در ازدیاد برداشت نفت به همراه مشکلات کاربرد آن‌ها بحث و بررسی می‌شوند. 

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Water Soluble Polymers as Mobility Control Agents in Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR): A Literature Review

نویسندگان [English]

  • Masoom Shaban 1
  • Ahmad Ramazani SaadatAbadi 2
  • Mohammad Mahdi Ahadian 3
1 sharif university
چکیده [English]

Water soluble polymers as mobilitycontrol agents in the oil recovery process have attracted great attention in recent years. The use of polymers leads to an improved mobility in the oil reservoir by increasing the viscosity of the injected fluid (water) and by reducing the permeability through adsorption of the polymer chains on the surface of the rock which can improve sweep efficiency during enhanced oil recovery processes. Partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM) is the most widely used polymer to date for polymer flooding in EOR. The limitations of HPAM include, among others, the low resistance toward the presence of salts. Salts will lead to a significant reduction of solution viscosity and even the precipitation upon interaction with divalent ions. In addition to HPMA, biopolymers such as xanthan gum have been used for EOR. The drawbacks of biopolymers originate from high cost, high susceptibility to biodegradation and potential for injectivity problems due to cellular debris remaining from the manufacturing process. To address these problems, hydrophobically modified polymers (HMPs) have been widely studied as flooding agents in EOR over the past two decades.In this review, some examples of synthetic polymers, biopolymers and especially HMPs for enhanced oil recovery applications are discussed along with their limitations.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • enhanced oil recovery
  • polymer flooding
  • water-soluble polymers
  • hydrophobically modified polymers
  • hydrolyzed polyacrylamide
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