Document Type : compile
Authors
1
Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Gonabad, Gonabad Iran
2
Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Gonabad, Gonabad, Iran
10.22063/basparesh.2026.35861.1767
Abstract
Zein, the major plant protein derived from corn, has attracted considerable attention as a natural and biocompatible biopolymer in the fields of food, pharmaceutical, medical, and environmental applications. This protein exhibits unique properties such as biodegradability, thermal and chemical stability, film-forming ability, and the capacity for loading and controlled release of bioactive compounds. Zein-based nanofibers and films, produced via electrospinning and hybrid techniques, can be engineered to possess optimized mechanical properties, porosity, and surface bioactivity. These features enable their application as drug delivery carriers, protective coatings in food packaging, wound dressings, tissue engineering scaffolds, catalyst supports, and filtration membranes. However, limitations such as brittleness, low flexibility, and colloidal instability, particularly under varying environmental conditions, restrict their broader application. Recent studies have demonstrated that the development of core–shell structures and the use of natural crosslinkers can significantly enhance the stability, biocompatibility, and antimicrobial performance of zein-based nanofibers and films. Considering its environmental friendliness and renewable nature, zein holds great potential for the development of advanced nanofibrous systems and bioactive, sustainable films across various industries. Accordingly, the present study aims to investigate the properties of zein and its applications in different forms for industrial and biomedical purposes, as well as to review recent advances in optimizing processing conditions to achieve improved stability and performance.
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