A Review of the Manufaturing and Development of Transparent Wood

Document Type : other

Authors

1 Department of Wood Engineering and Technology , Azadshahr Branch, Islamic , Azad University , Azadshahr, Iran

2 Department of Wood Engineering and Technology, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran

Abstract

Transparent wood is environmentally friendly and biocompatible that have attracted great attention owing to its transparency, stability, and multi-functionality. As an emerging material, transparent wood has many advantages such as renewable, low cost, suitable optical properties, outstanding mechanical performance, and low thermal conductivity. Lignin removal or modification, followed by impregnation with polymer with similar refractive index to the wood substrate is the most important factor in making of transparent wood. In this article, first, the structural characteristics of wood and its chemical composition, and then the effect of removing lignin, wood species, and types of resin on
the characteristics of transparent wood are reviewed. Finally, its optical, mechanical and thermal are presented.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

  1. Parsapajhouh D., Wood Technology (Persian), Tehran University, Tehran, 11th ed., 36-72, 2015.
  2. Mirshokraei S.A., Wood Chemistry Fundamentais and Applications (Persian), Aeizh, Tehran, 3th ed., 37-66, 2010.
  3. Ding L., Han X., Chen L., and Jiang S., Preparation, and Properties of Hydrophobic and Transparent Wood, J. Bioresource. Bioproduct., 7, 295-305, 2022.
  4. Fink S., Transparent Wood–A New Approach in the Functional Study of Wood Structure, Holzforschung, 46, 2009.
  5. Wang L., Liu Y., Zhan X., Luo D., and Sun X., Photochromic Transparent Wood for Photo-Switchable Smart Window Applications, J. Mater. Chem. C, 7, 8649-8654, 2019.
  6. Wilson K. and White D.J., The Anatomy of Wood: Its Diversity and Variability, Stobart and Son, London, 86-93, 1986.
  7. Zhang J., Koubaa A., Tao Y., Li P., and Xing D., The Emerging Development of Transparent Wood: Materials, Characteristics, and Applications, Curr. Forest. Rep., 8, 333-345, 2022.
  8. Chen C. and Hu L., Nanoscale Ion Regulation in Wood‐BasedStructures and their Device Applications, Adv. Mater., 33, 2002890, 2021.
  9. Li Y., Vasileva E., Sychugov I., Popov S., and Berglund L., Optically Transparent Wood: Recent Progress, Opportunities, and Challenges, Adv. Opti. Mater., 6, 1800059, 2018.
  10. Li Y., Yang X., Fu Q., Rojas R., Yan M., and Berglund L., Towards Centimeter Thick Transparent Wood Through Interface Manipulation, J. Mater. Chem. A, 6, 1094-1101, 2018.
  11. Zhu S., Biswas S.K., Qiu Z., Yue Y., Fu Q., Jiang F. et al., Transparent Wood-Based Functional Materials via a Top-Down Approach, Prog. Mater. Sci., 132, 101025, 2023.
  12. Wang J., Liu J., Li J., and Zhu J.Y., Characterization of Microstructure, Chemical, and Physical Properties of Delignified and Densified Poplar Wood, Materials, 14, 5709, 2021.
  13. Okahisa Y., Yoshida A., Miyaguchi S., and Yano H., Optically Transparent Wood–Cellulose Nanocomposite as a Base Substrate for Flexible Organic Light-Emitting Diode Displays, Compos. Sci. Tech., 69, 1958-1961, 2009.
  14. Bisht P., Pandey K.K., and Barshilia H.C., Photostable Transparent Wood Composite Functionalized With an UV-Absorber, Polym. Degrad. Stabil., 189, 109600, 2021.
  15. Liu L., Zhu G., Chen Y., Liu Z., Donaldson L., Zhan X. et al., Switchable Photochromic Transparent Wood as Smart Packaging Materials, Indust. Crop. Prod., 184, 115050, 2022.
  16. Zhu M., Song J., Li T., Gong A., Wang Y., Dai J. et al., Highly Anisotropic, Highly Transparent Wood Composites, Adv. Mater., 28, 5181-5187, 2016.
  17. Montanari C., Ogawa Y., Olsén P., and Berglund L.A., High Performance, Fully Bio‐Based, and Optically Transparent Wood Biocomposites, Adv. Sci., 8, 2100559, 2021.
  18. Frey M., Widner D., Segmehl J.S., Casdorff K., Keplinger T., and Burgert I., Delignified and Densified Cellulose Bulk Materials with Excellent Tensile Properties for Sustainable Engineering, ACS Appl. Mater. Interface., 10, 5030-5037, 2018.
  19. Wang M., Liu H., Feng X., Wang X., Shen K., Qi H. et al., Stateof-the-Art Luminescent Materials Based on Wood Veneer with Superior Strength, Transparency, and Water Resistance, Chem. Eng. J., 454, 140225, 2023.
  20. Li K., Wang S., Chen H., Yang X., Berglund L.A., and Zhou Q., Self‐densification of Highly Mesoporous Wood Structure into a Strong and Transparent Film, Adv. Mater., 32, 2003653, 2020.
  21. Wu J., Wu Y., Yang F., Tang C., Huang Q., and Zhang J., Impact of Delignification on Morphological, Optical and Mechanical Properties of Transparent Wood, Compos. Part A: Appl. Sci. Manufact., 117, 324-331, 2019.
  22. Samanta P., Samanta A., Montanari C., Li Y., Maddalena L., Carosio F. et al., Fire-Retardant and Transparent Wood Biocomposite Based on Commercial Thermoset, Compos. Part A: Appl. Sci. Manufact., 156, 106863, 2022.
  23. Li Y., Fu Q., Yu S., Yan M., and Berglund L., Optically Transparent Wood from a Nanoporous Cellulosic Template: Combining Functional and Structural Performance, Biomacromolecules, 17, 1358-1364, 2016.
  24. Höglund M., Johansson M., Sychugov I., and Berglund L.A., Transparent Wood Biocomposites by Fast UV-Curing for Reduced Light-Scattering Through Wood/Thiol–Ene Interface Design, ACS Appl. Mater. Interface., 12, 46914-46922, 2020.
  25. Muthoka R.M., Panicker P.S., Agumba D.O., Pham H.D., and Kim J., All-Biobased Transparent-Wood: A New Approach and Its Environmental-Friendly Packaging Application, Carbohydr. Polym., 264, 118012, 2021.
  26. Chen Q., Jiang Z., Pei X., Liu Y., Du R., and Zhao G., Bio-Inspired, Epoxy-Based Lamellar Composites with Superior Fracture Toughness by Delignified Wood Scaffold, Compos. Sci. Tech., 207, 108739, 2021.
  27. Qin J., Li X., Shao Y., Shi K., Zhao X., Feng T. et al., Optimization of Delignification Process for Efficient Preparation of Transparent Wood with High Strength, and High Transmittance, Vacuum, 158, 158-165, 2018.
  28. Fu Q., Yan M., Jungstedt E., Yang X., Li Y., and Berglund L.A., Transparent Plywood as a Load-Bearing and Luminescent Biocomposite, Compos. Sci. Tech., 164, 296-303, 2018.
  29. Gan W., Gao L., Xiao S., Zhang W., Zhan X., and Li J., Transparent Magnetic Wood Composites Based on Immobilizing Fe3O4 Nanoparticles into a Delignified Wood Template, J. Mater. Sci., 52, 3321-3329, 2017.
  30. Li T., Zhu M., Yang Z., Song J., Dai J., Yao Y. et al., Wood Composite as an Energy Efficient Building Material: Guided Sunlight Transmittance and Effective Thermal Insulation, Adv. Energy Mater., 6, 1601122, 2016.
  31. Li M., Pang Y., Li N., Shan J., and Liu Y., Interfacial Compatibilization of Silane Coupling Agent Modified Epoxy Resin for Transparent Basswood, China Wood-Based Panels, 8, 22-5, 2018.

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics