A Review of the Antibacterial Properties of Chitosan Nanocomposites Containing Metal Nanoparticles for Using in Wound Healing

Document Type : compile

Authors

1 Department of Chemistry, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran P.O. Box 15875-4413, Tehran, Iran

2 Polymer Engineering Group, Faculty of Engineering, South Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.

3 Department of Chemistry, Shahre-Qods Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahre-Qods 37515-374, Tehran, Iran.

Abstract

Chitosan (CS) as a natural polymer has been widely studied in the field of wound healing due to its useful properties including non-toxicity, excellent biological properties, biodegradability and promotion of collagen deposition. However, low mechanical strength and moderate antibacterial properties are disadvantages that limit its further clinical application. Chitosan is a copolymer with a linear chain of diglucosamine and N-acetyl beta-glucosamine, which is produced by deacetylation of chitin. The deacetylation leads to the formation of cationic amine groups, which is actually a prerequisite for the antibacterial function of chitosan. Many researchers have adopted the use of nanotechnology, especially metal nanoparticles (MNPs), in order to improve the mechanical strength and specific antibacterial properties of chitosan composites with promising results. In addition, chitosan naturally acts as a reducing agent for metal nanoparticles, which can also reduce cytotoxicity. Therefore, chitosan in combination with metal nanoparticles exhibits antibacterial activity, excellent mechanical strength and anti-inflammatory properties and has great potential to accelerate the wound healing process. It is worth mentioning that the mechanism of action of metal nanoparticles is dose-dependent and excessive concentration can cause significant cytotoxicity. The loading efficiency and release rate of metal nanoparticles changes according to the manufacturing process. Hence, further investigation of dosage and preparation methods is a necessary prerequisite for clinical applications.

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