Removal of Heavy Metals from Water and Wastewater via Adsorption by Different Types of Polymer Gels

Document Type : compile

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1 Department of Polymer & Materials Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry & Petroleum Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran

2 Department of Polymer & Materials Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry & Petroleum Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University,Tehran, Iran

Abstract

Today, the presence of heavy metal ions in the wastewater of various industries is one of the environmental problems of the modern world. Therefore, various methods are used to adsorb and remove heavy metal ions from industrial wastewaters and effluents. One of the effective methods in this field is adsorption by polymer gels, which are divided into different categories including  hydrogels, aerogels, microgels and nanogels. These materials are porous cross-linked polymer networks. Having desirable physical and chemical properties such as high surface area, size variety, high durability, variety of solubility, active adsorption centers, and environmental compatibility, they can absorb heavy metal ions such as lead, cadmium, mercury and copper physically and chemically from contaminated aquatic environments without causing secondary destructive effects with high efficiency. The general structure of these gels is similar to each other, and factors such as pore size, mesh size, and the presence of liquid or gas in the pores create different categories. In this article, each types of gels and their unique properties are introduced first, then the general synthesis methods, special optimizations to enhance the adsorption and mechanisms of metal adsorption by gels are reviewed.

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