Coordination Polymerization of α-Olefins by Phillips Catalysts

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Abstract

From the first discovery of Phillips catalysts, extensive investigations have been
conducted to explore the effect of catalyst textural properties on the kinetic control
of polymerization and the obtained polymer properties. The findings have confirmed that
both catalyst chemical structure and support porosity have great influence on the catalyst
activity and the obtained polymer properties. Based on catalyst activity, control of molecular
weight and its distribution, the degree of branching and its type, different commercial
Phillips catalysts have been introduced until now. Furthermore, high sensitivity of polymer
properties towards the process, especially activation methods and polymerization reaction
conditions, has led to many variations of catalytic system and polymer grade diversity. This
diversity is the main reason for credibility of the Phillips catalyst, CrOx/SiO2, in 40–50%
of current world production of high-density polyethylene (HDPE). The largest fraction
of HDPE is used for manufacturing bottles, drums, fuel tanks and other containers, film
and pipe extrusion, cable and so on. Because of special importance of Phillips catalyst in
polyethylene production, history, chemistry of this important catalyst, type and structure
of catalytic system, different polymerization methods and produced polymer properties are
reviewed here.

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