نوع مقاله : تالیفی
عنوان مقاله English
نویسندگان English
Growing global demand for freshwater, driven by population growth, industrialization, and climate change, has intensified the need for efficient and sustainable desalination technologies. Solar desalination has emerged as an environmentally friendly and energy-efficient approach for freshwater production. Poly(acrylic acid) (PAA)-based hydrogels have attracted significant attention owing to their high water absorption capacity, porous structure, abundant carboxyl groups, selective ion rejection capability, and tunable physicochemical properties. This review examines the structure, properties, and desalination mechanisms of PAA-based hydrogels in solar-driven seawater desalination systems. Particular emphasis is placed on their roles in water transport, ion exclusion, evaporation enthalpy reduction, and enhancement of solar evaporation performance. Recent advances in hydrogel modification through the incorporation of photothermal materials, including graphene, graphene oxide, carbon nanotubes, MXenes, and metallic nanoparticles, are also discussed. Furthermore, the use of antibacterial agents such as silver nanoparticles and chitosan for mitigating biofouling and improving operational stability is reviewed. Finally, major challenges, including salt accumulation, mechanical durability, long-term stability, and large-scale implementation, are highlighted, and future research directions for the development of high-performance solar desalination systems based on acrylic hydrogels are presented.
کلیدواژهها English
