With increasing demand for sustainable and environmentally friendly food packaging, biopolymer-based materials are emerging as promising candidates due to their recyclability, biodegradability, and food safety. With the progress achieved in the development of analytical methods, various techniques are available which are known as practical and preferred methods in the field of biodegradability. The first part of this review article provides information on degradation mechanisms (photodegradation and biodegradation), advantages and disadvantages of biodegradable plastics, standards and international standard organizations. In the following, the theoretical foundations and equipment related to the analytical methods that can be used in the analysis of polymers are examined, which include physical methods (macroscopic changes, SEM, TEM, AFM), mass reduction, respirometry methods, chromatography methods (GC, SEC/GPC), methods based on thermal properties (DSC, DTA, TGA), spectroscopic methods (NMR, FTIR, XRD). The key findings show that a combination of different methods to determine the biodegradability process can provide a better understanding of the reactions, interactions and structural changes of the material and predict the effects of biodegradability. The purpose of this review article is to focus on recent developments in the field of polymer analysis and the use of different equipment for the analysis of these materials.