In recent decades, the preparation of polymer nanocomposites has attracted the attention of scientists and industrialists. Polymer nanocomposites, with their unique properties such as low weight, high mechanical strength, excellent thermal and chemical resistance, are suitable alternatives in various industries including aerospace, automotive, petrochemical and petroleum. Among the types of polymers, polyamide 6 is one of the most common types, which has processability, excellent mechanical properties, excellent chemical and thermal resistance, but due to its relatively brittle behavior (especially at low temperatures and high strain rates) and moisture absorption, its application has faced some limitations. One way to improve the toughness and reduce moisture absorption of polyamide is to blend it with rubber, but some of its mechanical properties such as modulus and hardness are reduced. In order to compensate for the loss of properties, a small weight percentage of nanomaterials (clay nanoparticles, carbon nanotubes, halloysite nanotubes, etc.) is blended with the thermoplastic elastomer. There are various methods for preparing nanocomposites, of which the melt blending method is the more suitable method due to its simplicity, low cost (industrial application) and less environmental pollution (no use of solvents). In the present study, the effect of various factors such as the nature, functional group, and weight percentage of nanomaterials, the shape and size of the phases, the viscosity of the components, and the dispersion of nanoparticles in the phases and at the interface on the microstructure and mechanical properties of polyamide 6/nitrile rubber in the melt mixing method has been investigated.