The primary objective of this paper is to review the geometric and mathematical models proposed for predicting two key mechanical properties,Young's modulus and tensile strength, in immiscible polymer blends. While improving these properties through methods such as polymer blending has consistently been a focus, controlling the final product remains challenging due to its dependence on complex parameters including microstructure, polymer/polymer interface properties, percolation threshold, and phase morphology. Mathematical modeling, by enabling property prediction prior to fabrication, serves as a powerful tool for reducing laboratory costs and optimizing processes.
The core focus of this study is on the influence of different microstructure geometries, such as droplet-matrix, layered, or co-continuous structures, on the accuracy and efficacy of the models. The most significant advanced analytical and numerical models in this field, based on continuum mechanics, are discussed. For each model, the underlying assumptions, strengths, as well as shortcomings and limitations, are systematically outlined. This comparative analysis assists researchers in selecting the appropriate model for their specific polymer system with a better understanding of the theoretical foundations and capabilities of each method, thereby enhancing prediction accuracy. Ultimately, this review paves the way for identifying existing gaps in modeling and guiding future research directions in this area.