کاتالیزور‌های فلزات واسطه ابتدایی و انتهایی جدول تناوبی برای پلیمرشدن اولفین‌ها

نوع مقاله : تالیفی

نویسنده

پژوهشگاه پلیمر و پتروشیمی ایران

چکیده

پیشرفت علمی و فنی در زمینه کاتالیزورها به‌منظور پلیمرشدن اولفین‌ها، نمونه کاملی از موفقیت کاربرد شیمی آلی‌فلزی در کاتالیزورهای همگن بود. کاتالیزورهای واسطه ابتدایی و انتهایی جدول تناوبی دسته جدیدی از کاتالیزورهای پلیمرشدن کوئوردینانسی هستند که در اوایل سال 1998 کشف شدند. کاتالیزورهای فلزات واسطه انتهایی بر پایه فلزات واسطه پس از گروه 4 شامل آهن، نیکل و کبالت قرار دارند. در همان سال‌ها Fujita و همکاران در شرکت Mitsui، کاتالیزورهای فلزات واسطه ابتدایی را برای پلیمرشدن اولفین‌ها کشف کردند که بر پایه لیگاند فنوکسی-ایمین قرار داشتند. نقطه ضعف عمده سامانه‌های کاتالیزورهای فلزات واسطه انتهایی، سرعت زیاد واکنش‌های انتقال زنجیر در مقایسه با کاتالیزور‌های زیگلر ناتا و متالوسن است. بدین سبب، گاهی این کاتالیزورها اولیگومر‌ تولید می‌کنند. از طرفی، با به‌کاربردن این کاتالیزورها، امکان انجام نوعی واکنش ایزومرشدن با نام قدم‌زدن زنجیر وجود دارد. از کاربرد‌های جالب کاتالیزورهای فلزات واسطه ابتدایی و انتهایی امکان‌پذیر ساختن استفاده از مونومر‌های قطبی در پلیمرشدن اولفین‌ها با کمک آن‌هاست.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Early and Late Transition Metal Catalysts for Olefin Polymerization

چکیده [English]

Recent scientific developments on catalysts used in olefin polymerizations can be regarded as a good sign of successful applications of organometallic chemistry in homogenous polymerization. Early and late transition metal catalysts (LTM) are a new groups of coordination polymerizations catalysts which were discovered in 1998. The LTM catalysts are based on late metals of group IV of transition metal including Fe, Ni, Co, and etc. At the same time, another category of early transition metal catalysts based on phenoxy ligand was discovered by Fujita and his colleagues in Mitsui for olefin polymerization. The major disadvantage of this type of catalytic systems is their higher rate of chain transfer reactions when compared with Ziegler-Natta and metallocene catalysts; therefore these catalysts may produce oligomers. However, due to a special isomerization reaction, called chain walking, these catalysts have some interesting features for application in polymer technology. One of the interesting properties of LTM catalysts is their ability of using polar monomer in olefin polymerization.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • catalyst
  • early and late transition metal
  • diimine ligand
  • phenoxy-imine ligand
  • oxygen phosphorus chelate
 
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