Hydrophilic-Lipophilic Balance of Emulsifers and Methods for Determination the Emulsion Systems Stability
Safiyeh
Farkhani
Malek Ashtar Industerial University, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Complex, Tehran, Iran, P.O.Box 15875.1774
author
Saeed
Babaee
Chemistry group, Faculty of chemistry, Chemical Engineering Complex, Malek Ashtar Industerial University.
author
Mohammad
Mirzaei
Chemistry Group, Defense Industries Organization, Tehran, Iran.
author
text
article
2020
per
An emulsion mixture system (usually water, oil and emulsifer) consists of two immiscible phases, the dispersed phase and the dispersion medium (dispersant-continuous). Due to their specifc rheological and physical-chemical properties, emulsions are commonly used in different industries such as cosmetics-pharmaceuticals, food and destruction (road construction, building destruction, etc.). One of the important requirements is appropriate stability of the emulsions over a certain period of time. Emulsions are thermodynamically unstable and several factors affect their instability including the variables of production process and storage conditions. Therefore, emulsifers are suitable to exhibit long-term stability and their performance can be determined by identifying the hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) characteristic in these compounds. HLB value is a number which is given by the emulsifer to indicate the hydrophilic and lipophilic tendencies of the material. The present work introduces the concept of HLB and methods for determination this character in various ionic and nonionic emulsifers. Considering the relation of the emulsifer HLB to its stability, different methods for evaluation the emulsions stabilities are discussed.
Basparesh
Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute
2252-0449
9
v.
4
no.
2020
4
17
http://basparesh.ippi.ac.ir/article_1654_db27647b1c584742bfd1f255e8d172df.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22063/basparesh.2019.2412.1457
Role of Polymers Used in Hormone Delivery of Contraceptive Systems for Prevention of Pregnancy
Farzaneh
Ansari
School of Nursing and Midwifery, Yasuj University of Medical Science (YUMS), Yasuj, Iran. Postal code: 7591741417
author
Rahim
Dehghan
Biomaterials Departments, Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute (IPPI), Tehran, Iran. P. O. Box: 14975/112
author
text
article
2020
per
Pregnancy contraceptive devices such as sub-dermal implants, intrauterine devices (IUD), vaginal tools and transdermal patches recognized as common methods used to long-term protection of pregnancy. Non-biodegradability of subdermal implants and IUDs, also copper burst release in copper based IUD systems and need to surgical help to remove them from patient body and rapid water solubility of microneedles in transdermal patches demonstrated as their main drawback for long-term contraception. In this study polymers properties, especially biodegradable polymers used in contraceptive tools for long-term uses were surveyed. Further of review on the sub-dermal implants, IUDs, vaginal tools including vaginal rings and hydrogel and also trans-dermal patches based microneedles, the role of polymers in structural and performance properties of these systems were investigated. The rates of biodegradability and hormone release are the main factors affected the performance of contraceptive tools. Therefore, applying of biodegradable polymers with natural and biological origins and synthetic polymers such as polylactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA), due to their biocompatibility, needless to remove from patient body and the controlled release of hormone has attracted the attention of researches. The results showed that the sustained release rate of the hormone was strongly correlated with the structural properties of the polymer.
Basparesh
Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute
2252-0449
9
v.
4
no.
2020
18
29
http://basparesh.ippi.ac.ir/article_1655_7429bbd2ce37ca841d69874bbdace3f7.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22063/basparesh.2019.2430.1463
A Brief Review on Covalent Organic Frameworks (COFs): From Synthesis to Industrial Application
Bahram
Hosseini Monjezi
Industrial Protection Division, Research Institute of Petroleum Industry (RIPI), P.O. Box 14665-137, Tehran, Iran
author
Mhammad
Dinari
Department of Chemistry, Isfahan University of Technology (IUT), P.O. Box 84156-83111, Isfahan, Iran.
author
Esmaeil
Akbarinezhad
Coating Research Group, Industrial Protection Division, Research Institute of Petroleum Industry (RIPI), P.O. Box 14665-137, Tehran, Iran
author
text
article
2020
per
Covalent Organic Frameworks (COFs) are porous crystalline polymers put together by linking light elements such as Carbon, Boron, Oxygen and Silicon through strong covalent bonds that are positioned in 2D or 3D topology. Porous organic materials, exhibit unique features and therefore, they can potentially be used in diverse applications such as catalyst, molecular sensing, drug delivery, and gas storage. Metallic organic frameworks (MOFs) and covalent organic frameworks (COFs) attracted the attention of researchers because of their characteristic properties such as high free surface area, low density, high thermal and chemical stability, and uniformity and high porosity. So far, thousands of new polymer frameworks have been synthesized after discovering the frst structure. In this paper, the latest developments in design, synthesis and various applications of covalent organic frameworks such as gas storage, catalyst, adsorption, enrichment and purifcation of small molecules, optoelectricity, molecular sensing, targeted drug delivery, conductive membranes, novel coatings, and energy storage are discussed.
Basparesh
Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute
2252-0449
9
v.
4
no.
2020
30
44
http://basparesh.ippi.ac.ir/article_1657_840b7c7f7104c345e97bd36729585f16.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22063/basparesh.2019.2451.1469
Rheology of Cellulosic Nanoparticles Suspensions and their Applied Importance in Viscoelastic Polymers
mehrnoosh
Tavakoli
Pulp and Paper Industry, Wood and Paper Engineering, University of Agriculture Science and Natural Resources , Gorgan
author
ali
ghasemian
Gorgan University
author
text
article
2020
per
In addition to light weight, cellulose nanoparticles have advantages such as renewability, recyclability, processability, and biocompatibility. Films containing cellulose nanoparticles are used as coatings and intermediate layers in packaging products due to their good performance and oxygen barrier. Given its natural origin, it is obvious that the replacement of some synthetic reinforcements with these nanoparticles can reduce environmental pollution. The properties of cellulose nanoparticles can be determined by investigating the rheological properties of the nanoparticles gel. Suspensions containing cellulose nanoparticles are widely used in the pulp and paper industries as coatings, in composites, 3D printing, and as cellulose membranes. For these applications, suspensions of cellulose nanoparticles are exposed to shear forces. Therefore, having accurate knowledge of the rheological behavior of suspended cellulose nanoparticles under high shear force in relation to such industrial processes is essential. There have been many studies on the rheological properties of cellulose nanoparticles that provide information about the properties of these materials and their behavior during usage. In the present review, the rheological properties of cellulose nanoparticles and concepts such as linear viscoelastic, properties such as frequency dependent storage modulus/loss modulus, shear fow behavior indices such as apparent viscosity and shear stress as a function of shear rate are discussed.
Basparesh
Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute
2252-0449
9
v.
4
no.
2020
45
53
http://basparesh.ippi.ac.ir/article_1658_ef41dd6a7f6e16cdbbbe6c8e555f3038.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22063/basparesh.2019.2428.1462
Efect of Nanoparticles on the Mechanical Properties of Chitosan-Based Biocomposites
Hamidreza
Talebi
Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University
author
Faramarz
Ashenai Ghasemi
Solids Desighn Department, Mechanical Engineering Faculty, Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University
author
Alireza
Ashori
Head of Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology
author
text
article
2020
per
Biopolymers are considered to be the most promising alternatives to petroleum-based polymers, because they can greatly reduce the dependence on oil and, consequently, environmental pollution. As one of the most abundant biopolymers in nature, chitosan has unique properties, including renewablility, reproducibility, biodegradability, non-toxicity and excellent flm-forming performance. These properties have made this biopolymer usable in food coatings to extend the shelf life and use in the textile, pharmaceutical, and paper industries. These types of polysaccharide flms have had limited application due to their hydrophilic nature and poor mechanical properties. Incorporating of biopolymer-based nanomaterials, known as nanocomposite flms, is one of the effective methods to improve the mechanical properties of biopolymer flms. In this regard, the purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of different concentrations of nanofller on the mechanical properties of chitosan-based flms. Nanoparticles such as graphene, carbon nanotubes, nanoclay, and nanocellulose are used as reinforcement in polymer composites. Also, the mechanical properties of chitosan based nanocomposites depend on three main factors. Also, the mechanical properties of chitosan-based nanocomposites depend on three main factors, such as the properties of polymer matrix and nano-reinforcing agent. These include the properties of the polymer matrix and the nanotechnical phase of the manufacturer, as well as interfacial interaction between fller surface and matrix polymer. In addition, for the specifc nano-reinforcement phase and polymer matrix, the properties of polymer nanocomposite are highly dependent on the dispersion and distribution of the nanoparticles at the continuous matrix phase surface.
Basparesh
Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute
2252-0449
9
v.
4
no.
2020
54
65
http://basparesh.ippi.ac.ir/article_1665_a4e7473e5cccc77f158b83e62e0b469b.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22063/basparesh.2019.2495.1475
Effect of Microstructure of Hydroxyl Terminated Polybutadiene (HTPB) on the Pot-Life of HTPB-Based Binder System: A Brief Review
Abbas
Kebritchi
Assistant Professor/Imam Hussein Comprehensive University
author
Abolfazl
Deylami
Imam Hossein Comprehensive University
author
text
article
2020
per
The binder slurry based on hydroxyl terminated polybutadiene (HTPB) should have a good viscosity at the end of the mixing for easy casting. The time available for proper casting of the bonding system after the addition of the curing agent is called pot life. A brief review on the effect of HTPB microstructural parameters on the pot life of high feld HTPB-based composites is very important. HTPB microstructural parameters include average molecular weight (numerical and weight) and its distribution, hydroxyl content (value), high molecular weight fraction, functional group distribution and its type distribution, and relative concentration of microstructures (cis, trans, vinyl). In this paper, by introducing each of the HTPB microstructural parameters, the effect of each one on the pot life of high feld composite binder system is investigated and the possibility of controlling the life of this system by rearrangemet of the prepolymer microstructure without any decrease of mechanical properties is discussed. A review of the results showed that increasing the average molecular weight and the amount of hydroxyl of HTPB decreased the pot life and species with low functional group increased the pot life of the system.
Basparesh
Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute
2252-0449
9
v.
4
no.
2020
66
76
http://basparesh.ippi.ac.ir/article_1668_c143010319e5cc3201d52b01053659f0.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22063/basparesh.2019.2436.1466
report
editors
editore
IPPI
author
text
article
2020
per
Basparesh
Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute
2252-0449
9
v.
4
no.
2020
77
84
http://basparesh.ippi.ac.ir/article_1708_a82dee127e2bcb6bc83048029c333727.pdf